, There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups. Under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, section 95, the government collects annual statistics based on race and crime. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded from school, or have received a suspension, at any point during KS4. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. he highest proportion for Class B drugs (28% in 2020). This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. Principal suspects in homicides with White victims were most likely to be a friend/acquaintance (29%). 178 300 sexual violence crimes in the EU in 2020, a stop in a growing trend. There were statistically significant decreases in the number of victims for personal crimes since 2015/16 in the Black (from 7% to 4%) and Asian (from 4% to 2%) ethnic groups. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. In 2020/21, 21% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) resulted in an outcome that was linked to the reason for the search, i.e. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. The data for this section is available in the Arrests open data tables published by Home Office. Almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15-17 and 37% of those aged 18-20 were from the Black ethnic group. The ACSL, for indictable offences, for male offenders has increased over the last five years for all ethnic groups. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. Asian individuals had the highest proportion of fines given, at 23%, in comparison to White individuals (16%). This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. By ethnicity and socio-economic group. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. Crimes involving multiple assailants, 43% of the assailants were Black, 38% were white, and 16% were Hispanic. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the text. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. In 2020, children from the Black ethnic group had a higher proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court, at 55%, compared to children from the White ethnic group (45%). This was largely because people from these ethnic groups made up a disproportionate share of people arrested, and this carried through to the . Over the last 5 years, the proportion of suspects who were stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a slight decrease in those from the Black ethnic group (21% to 17%). In 2020, minority ethnic children also had a higher proportion remanded in custody, had a higher custody rate and received on average longer custodial sentences. Magistrates: Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of practitioners from minority ethnic groups has increased, leading to a decrease in the proportion of White practitioners, by 2.4 pp mainly driven by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.3 pp) and Black (0.8) ethnic groups[footnote 98]. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. A fine was the most common outcome for all ethnic groups, except for the Chinese or Other group, where immediate custody was higher. Whilst the reoffending rate for Black offenders was highest, White reoffenders had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.1 reoffences. subcultural. Similar proportions were seen across ethnic groups, ranging from 72% for Black defendants to 78% for White defendants. Arrests declined 21% and 22%, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a higher rate than other ethnic groups. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. In 2020, of prisoners whose ethnicity was known[footnote 49], 73% were White, 13% Black, 8% Asian, 5% Mixed and 1% from Other ethnic groups. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. This is a key statistics relevant to the A-level Sociology crime and deviance module. theories are . Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS): Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of White HMPPS staff (excluding National Probation Service) has decreased, from 92.6% to 90.3%, due to an increase in the proportion of staff from Black (1 pp), Asian and Mixed (0.7 pp) backgrounds[footnote 96]. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. Concordance rates for all PSR figures can be found in the defendants tables (5.14b)[footnote 41]. 428 434-6 448-20. The ACSL was longest for Chinese or Other offenders at 14.7 months, followed by Black at 13.7 months, Mixed 13.2 months, Asian 12.1 months and White 10.6 months. This trend has remained relatively stable over the past 5 years, with the Black ethnic group consistently having the highest proportion of defendants electing themselves to be heard at Crown Court. They include statistics on: Victims of crime, Police activity (stops and searches, and arrests), Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. , This figure includes 96 victims of Hillsborough and four victims of the Westminster Bridge attack in the year ending 2017, and 31 victims of the terrorist attacks that involved multiple victims, including the Manchester Arena bombing, and the London Bridge attack recorded in the year ending 2018. These data tables, which use the standard National Statistics harmonised ethnicity classification (based on the 2011 Census), are published annually and the latest release is available on the ONS website . Figure 5.02: Proportions of convictions for all ethnicities, by offence groups, 2020, England and Wales. Across the past 5 years, possession of a Class B drug (cannabis) was consistently the most common drug offence for all ethnic groups, accounting for 31% of all drug offences in 2020. 1037 1037 0 1243-206. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). Representation of ethnic groups at different stages of the criminal justice process: black people made up 2.8 per cent of the UK population but accounted for 14.1% of stops and searches and 8.8% of . Generally, we discuss the broad categories individually, to reflect their different experiences, but given the much greater numbers of White individuals in the population it is sometimes necessary or appropriate to consider the minority ethnic groups together. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. , Data used in the HMPPS workforce quarterly statistics are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2021. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. 2,574 White, 355 Black, 296 Asian, 226 Mixed and 107 prisoners from Other ethnic groups completed the questionnaires. Overall, 79% of offenders who were remanded in custody at Crown Court received an immediate custodial sentence; this has increased by 13 percentage points (pp) since 2016. The overall ethnicity trends for stop and searches tend to be influenced by stop and searches conducted in London, due to Londons ethnic composition compared with the rest of England and Wales. In contrast, 85% of prisoners aged 50 or over were White. In contrast, White defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for possession of a Class A drug (22% in 2020). In the 2018/19 cohort, the reoffending rate for adults was highest for Black offenders at 30%, 29% for White offenders, 23% for Asian offenders and 19% for Other offenders. This trend is similar across all disposal types. This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. Proportions of defendants prosecuted for production, supply and intent to supply varied by year, with Black, Asian and Mixed defendants accounting for the highest proportions of defendants for Class A drugs (each 30% in 2020), while the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for t London. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. Outcomes for minority ethnic children are often more pronounced than White children at various points of the CJS. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as white people - there were 29 arrests for every 1,000 black people, and 9 arrests for every 1,000 white people. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ethnicity-and-the-criminal-justice-system-statistics-2020/ethnicity-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2020. In 2020/21, 77% of stop and searches conducted on individuals from the Asian ethnic group were for drugs, compared to 67 to 68% of all other ethnic groups. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. This trend varied by ethnic group and reduction in the number of arrests was more pronounced for White (-35%) and Black (-33%) children. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. The average number of days spent at court (from first listing in magistrates courts to completion in Crown Court) for defendants dealt with in Crown Court cases varies across ethnicities. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of defendants remanded in custody, at 52%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest, at 36%. This overall trend is influenced by the higher number of stop and searches carried out in London, where stop and search arrests accounted for 26% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. We routinely publish data from the CSEW giving the prevalence of crime victimisation broken down according to the ethnicity of the victim. White prisoners reported more positive experiences on their wing/houseblock compared to prisoners of other ethnicities, with 90% of White prisoners reporting that they could shower every day, in comparison with 80% of Black prisoners. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. In 2019/20, the CSEW estimated that 4% of adults were a victim of a personal crime on one or more occasions. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. Higher proportions of staff and practitioners in more senior roles were White for all organisations, when compared to the ethnic breakdowns of less senior staff[footnote 100]. The latest police recorded crime figures show that there were 47,119 offences involving a knife or sharp instrument recorded by the police in the year ending September 2020. It examines offenders' characteristics as reported by . In 2020/21, two thirds (66%) of children arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 20% of children arrested in the rest of England and Wales. The crime rate in the UK has dropped to its lowest level since the early 1990s, according to estimates. The ACSL for sexual offences varied by ethnic group. This contrasts with the proportion of pupils in the overall population where 14% are eligible for FSM. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. For indictable offences, ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of male prosecutions and convictions compared to females. Ethnicity facts and figures. Where ethnicity was recorded in the data, for all young offenders sentenced or cautioned, over half were eligible for FSM: White (57%), Black (66%), Asian (59%), and Other (68%). Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Ethnicity (formerly Race) and the Criminal Justice System and follows on from its sister publication Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System published last year. Similarly, for children, a higher proportion of child offenders in the Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were first time offenders. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. White victims accounted for over three quarters (77%) of homicide victims in both the 0-14 and 21+ age groups. A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. In this section, where there are statistically significant differences between groups to the 95% level, this will be stated. Black prisoners served the greatest proportion of their original sentence in custody. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. Arrests for children have been declining at a faster rate than arrests for adults, down 33% and 20% respectively since 2016/17. Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London, involving a higher proportion of persons from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales. 735 754-19 947-212. , Statistical significance between groups over the time series is represented with a *, This section reports on three years of combined data, 2017/18 to 2019/20. Tue 30 Jun 2020 19.01 EDT Last modified on Wed 1 Jul 2020 12.15 EDT. A significantly higher proportion of Black offenders with SEN, without statement, received a 12-month sentence or less (71%), compared to White offenders (60%). , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. The greatest increase in custody rate was seen in the White ethnic group, increasing from 29% to 35%, and Mixed ethnic groups (28% to 35%)[footnote 43]. The most recent figures in this publication show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on criminal court prosecutions and outcomes following guidance and restrictions since March 2020. Similarly, a higher proportion of Black young offenders (83%) had been recorded as being suspended, compared to White (79%), Asian (74%) and Other (74%) offenders[footnote 80]. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Following prosecution (which can include being sent to Crown Court), defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. Ministry of Justice: Between 2016 and 2020, there has been an increase of 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion of staff from the Asian ethnic group and a decrease of 1.6 pp in the proportion of staff from the White ethnic group[footnote 91]. In 2020, 41% of drug offence prosecutions of Black defendants were for possession of a Class B drug (cannabis). The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. the officer found what they were searching for), and those where the item found was not what the officer was searching for, or where nothing was found. Of all defendants who entered a plea at Crown Court for sexual offences, 94% entered a guilty plea in 2020 . 102 Petty France. Figure 7.07: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for children, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. Percentage point in the Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were first offenders. Convictions compared to females 49 % ) reoffenders had the highest proportion of offenders! Ethnic minority groups accounted for over three quarters ( 77 % ) There... 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