On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") the long-awaited liberation of France. This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17. According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. (This paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Pistohlkors, Gert. Facts concerning the problem of the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967. 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Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). The Ustasa also killed most of Croatia's Jews, 20,000 Gypsies, and many thousands of their political enemies. About 298,000 Americans died. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders. It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. [147] Field Marshal Montgomery took the German military surrender of all German forces in The Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on Lneburg Heath, an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen, on 4 May 1945. Defending the Ardennes were troops of the US First Army. universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. 7,614,790 were held in POW camps by early June of 1945 (including 3,404,950 who were disarmed following the surrender of Germany), All totals listed only include direct deaths due to military activity and crimes against humanity, including the, German deployments to the Western Front (plus Italy) reached levels as high as approximately 40% of their ground forces, and 75% of the. Fighting on the Western front seemed to stabilize, and the Allied advance stalled in front of the Siegfried Line (Westwall) and the southern reaches of the Rhine. A German attempt to recapture the salient ended in failure in early October. In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany and the first Canadian troops stepped ashore in Britain, while Western Europe was in a strange calm for seven months. The Japanese Central Liaison Office reported in July 1947 to the Allied occupation authorities that Japanese military dead in 19351945 were 1,687,738 (1,340,700 Army and 347,038 Navy. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. It was estimated that 200,000 soldiers died in World War II in the European theatre. With an introd. During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 15,000 and 5,000 with German. Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression;The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. There were only some local, minor skirmishes. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Major German units in the French southwest that had not been committed in Normandy withdrew, either eastwards towards Alsace (sometimes directly across the US 6th Army Group's advance) or into the ports with the intention of denying them to the Allies. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. Published in Schulze, Rainer, Flchtlinge und Vertriebene in der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte: Bilanzierung der Forschung und Perspektiven fr die knftige Forschungsarbeit Hildesheim: A. Lax, 1987. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers. The names of individual U.S. military personnel killed in World War II can be found at the U.S. National Archives. For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS). As the Allies advanced across France, their supply lines stretched to breaking point. The annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5%. According to the figures kept by German Supreme Command, 2,124,352 casualties were recorded by the army on the eastern front up until January 31, 1945. Aiming to recapture Strasbourg, the Germans attacked the 6th Army Group at multiple points. Celebes: 1,500, 4,000, (5,500) Commissariato generale C.G.V. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[14][15]. Lesser Sundas: 51,800, 1,200, (53,000) According to a report compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (193745) numbered approximately 2,121,000; broken down as follows: In 1949 the report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board put military war dead from December 1941 to December 21, 1946, at 1,555,308 Killed and 309,402 wounded. Informationen zur Klrung der Schicksale von Flchtlingen aus den. Veritable and Grenade were planned to start on 8 February 1945, but Grenade was delayed by two weeks when the Germans flooded the Roer valley by destroying the gates of the Rur Dam upstream. Some 40 Irish citizens were killed by accidental, The Italian government issued an accounting of the war dead in 1957, they broke out the losses before and after the, Military losses in Italy after the September 1943. 55, No. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of "Total War" on the world's population. Polska 19391945. 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). U.S. Dept. The official Yugoslav figure for total war dead is 1.7million (300,000 military and 1,400,000 civilians). Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissenschaft: Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. In German Armed Forces 700[94], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. [40], General Eisenhower's Armies were facing resistance that varied from almost non-existent to fanatical[41] as they advanced toward Berlin, which was located 200km (120mi) from their positions in early April 1945. The first phase saw the capitulation of Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain. (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. vs. Australia 199,511 killed and 15,000 wounded. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. Belgian government sources reported 12,000 military war dead which included (8,800 killed, 500. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history in terms of total dead, with some 75 million people casualties including military and civilians, or around 3% of the world's population at the time. Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. by Konrad Adenauer. Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. of Commerce) Washington 1953. p. 43 The U.S. Commerce Dept. Merchant Marine Casualties during World War II", "Croatian President Mesic Apologizes for Croatian Crimes Against the Jews during the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Jasenovac", Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties&oldid=1130798063, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces), 5000 Irish volunteers deaths included with UK Armed Forces, Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below). No reliable statistics on Albania's wartime losses exist, but the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration reported about 30,000 Albanian war dead. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. Original emissaries had no authority to surrender to any of the Allies. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Egyptian military casualties were 1,125 killed and 1,308 wounded. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. 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